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批处理示例

发布于 2025-05-02 18:19:12 字数 14917 浏览 0 评论 0 收藏

以下示例程序展示了 Flink 的不同应用程序,从简单的字数统计到图形算法。代码示例说明了 Flink 的 DataSet API 的使用

可以在 Flink 源存储库的 flink-examples-batch 模块中找到以下和更多示例的完整源代码。

运行一个例子

为了运行 Flink 示例,我们假设您有一个正在运行的 Flink 实例。导航中的“快速入门”和“设置”选项卡描述了启动 Flink 的各种方法。

最简单的方法是运行 ./bin/start-cluster.sh ,默认情况下启动一个带有一个 JobManager 和一个 TaskManager 的本地集群。

Flink 的每个二进制版本都包含一个 examples 目录,其中包含此页面上每个示例的 jar 文件。

要运行 WordCount 示例,请发出以下命令:

./bin/flink run ./examples/batch/WordCount.jar

其他示例可以以类似的方式启动。

请注意,通过使用内置数据,许多示例在不传递任何参数的情况下运行。要使用实际数据运行 WordCount,您必须将路径传递给数据:

./bin/flink run ./examples/batch/WordCount.jar --input /path/to/some/text/data --output /path/to/result

请注意,非本地文件系统需要模式前缀,例如 hdfs://

字数

WordCount 是大数据处理系统的“Hello World”。它计算文本集合中单词的频率。该算法分两步进行:首先,文本将文本分成单个单词。其次,对单词进行分组和计数。

ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();

DataSet<String> text = env.readTextFile("/path/to/file");

DataSet<Tuple2<String, Integer>> counts =
    // split up the lines in pairs (2-tuples) containing: (word,1)
    text.flatMap(new Tokenizer())
    // group by the tuple field "0" and sum up tuple field "1"
    .groupBy(0)
    .sum(1);

counts.writeAsCsv(outputPath, "\n", " ");

// User-defined functions
public static class Tokenizer implements FlatMapFunction<String, Tuple2<String, Integer>> {

  @Override
  public void flatMap(String value, Collector<Tuple2<String, Integer>> out) {
    // normalize and split the line
    String[] tokens = value.toLowerCase().split("\\W+");

    // emit the pairs
    for (String token : tokens) {
      if (token.length() > 0) {
        out.collect(new Tuple2<String, Integer>(token, 1));
      }
    }
  }
}

字计数示例 实现上述算法的输入参数: --input &lt;path&gt; --output &lt;path&gt; 。作为测试数据,任何文本文件都可以。

val env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment

// get input data val text = env.readTextFile("/path/to/file")

val counts = text.flatMap { _.toLowerCase.split("\\W+") filter { _.nonEmpty } }
  .map { (_, 1) }
  .groupBy(0)
  .sum(1)

counts.writeAsCsv(outputPath, "\n", " ")

字计数示例 实现上述算法的输入参数: --input &lt;path&gt; --output &lt;path&gt; 。作为测试数据,任何文本文件都可以。

网页排名

PageRank 算法计算链接定义的图形中页面的“重要性”,链接指向一个页面到另一个页面。它是一种迭代图算法,这意味着它重复应用相同的计算。在每次迭代中,每个页面在其所有邻居上分配其当前等级,并将其新等级计算为从其邻居接收的等级的纳税总和。PageRank 算法由 Google 搜索引擎推广,该搜索引擎利用网页的重要性对搜索查询的结果进行排名。

在这个简单的例子中,PageRank 通过 批量迭代 和固定数量的迭代来实现。

ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();

// read the pages and initial ranks by parsing a CSV file
DataSet<Tuple2<Long, Double>> pagesWithRanks = env.readCsvFile(pagesInputPath)
               .types(Long.class, Double.class)

// the links are encoded as an adjacency list: (page-id, Array(neighbor-ids))
DataSet<Tuple2<Long, Long[]>> pageLinkLists = getLinksDataSet(env);

// set iterative data set
IterativeDataSet<Tuple2<Long, Double>> iteration = pagesWithRanks.iterate(maxIterations);

DataSet<Tuple2<Long, Double>> newRanks = iteration
    // join pages with outgoing edges and distribute rank
    .join(pageLinkLists).where(0).equalTo(0).flatMap(new JoinVertexWithEdgesMatch())
    // collect and sum ranks
    .groupBy(0).sum(1)
    // apply dampening factor
    .map(new Dampener(DAMPENING_FACTOR, numPages));

DataSet<Tuple2<Long, Double>> finalPageRanks = iteration.closeWith(
    newRanks,
    newRanks.join(iteration).where(0).equalTo(0)
    // termination condition
    .filter(new EpsilonFilter()));

finalPageRanks.writeAsCsv(outputPath, "\n", " ");

// User-defined functions

public static final class JoinVertexWithEdgesMatch
          implements FlatJoinFunction<Tuple2<Long, Double>, Tuple2<Long, Long[]>,
                      Tuple2<Long, Double>> {

  @Override
  public void join(<Tuple2<Long, Double> page, Tuple2<Long, Long[]> adj,
            Collector<Tuple2<Long, Double>> out) {
    Long[] neighbors = adj.f1;
    double rank = page.f1;
    double rankToDistribute = rank / ((double) neigbors.length);

    for (int i = 0; i < neighbors.length; i++) {
      out.collect(new Tuple2<Long, Double>(neighbors[i], rankToDistribute));
    }
  }
}

public static final class Dampener implements MapFunction<Tuple2<Long,Double>, Tuple2<Long,Double>> {
  private final double dampening, randomJump;

  public Dampener(double dampening, double numVertices) {
    this.dampening = dampening;
    this.randomJump = (1 - dampening) / numVertices;
  }

  @Override
  public Tuple2<Long, Double> map(Tuple2<Long, Double> value) {
    value.f1 = (value.f1 * dampening) + randomJump;
    return value;
  }
}

public static final class EpsilonFilter
        implements FilterFunction<Tuple2<Tuple2<Long, Double>, Tuple2<Long, Double>>> {

  @Override
  public boolean filter(Tuple2<Tuple2<Long, Double>, Tuple2<Long, Double>> value) {
    return Math.abs(value.f0.f1 - value.f1.f1) > EPSILON;
  }
}

所述 的 PageRank 程序 实现上述实施例。它需要运行以下参数: --pages &lt;path&gt; --links &lt;path&gt; --output &lt;path&gt; --numPages &lt;n&gt; --iterations &lt;n&gt;

// User-defined types case class Link(sourceId: Long, targetId: Long)
case class Page(pageId: Long, rank: Double)
case class AdjacencyList(sourceId: Long, targetIds: Array[Long])

// set up execution environment val env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment

// read the pages and initial ranks by parsing a CSV file val pages = env.readCsvFile[Page](pagesInputPath)

// the links are encoded as an adjacency list: (page-id, Array(neighbor-ids)) val links = env.readCsvFile[Link](linksInputPath)

// assign initial ranks to pages val pagesWithRanks = pages.map(p => Page(p, 1.0 / numPages))

// build adjacency list from link input val adjacencyLists = links
  // initialize lists
  .map(e => AdjacencyList(e.sourceId, Array(e.targetId)))
  // concatenate lists
  .groupBy("sourceId").reduce {
  (l1, l2) => AdjacencyList(l1.sourceId, l1.targetIds ++ l2.targetIds)
  }

// start iteration val finalRanks = pagesWithRanks.iterateWithTermination(maxIterations) {
  currentRanks =>
  val newRanks = currentRanks
    // distribute ranks to target pages
    .join(adjacencyLists).where("pageId").equalTo("sourceId") {
    (page, adjacent, out: Collector[Page]) =>
    for (targetId <- adjacent.targetIds) {
      out.collect(Page(targetId, page.rank / adjacent.targetIds.length))
    }
    }
    // collect ranks and sum them up
    .groupBy("pageId").aggregate(SUM, "rank")
    // apply dampening factor
    .map { p =>
    Page(p.pageId, (p.rank * DAMPENING_FACTOR) + ((1 - DAMPENING_FACTOR) / numPages))
    }

  // terminate if no rank update was significant
  val termination = currentRanks.join(newRanks).where("pageId").equalTo("pageId") {
    (current, next, out: Collector[Int]) =>
    // check for significant update
    if (math.abs(current.rank - next.rank) > EPSILON) out.collect(1)
  }

  (newRanks, termination)
}

val result = finalRanks

// emit result result.writeAsCsv(outputPath, "\n", " ")

he PageRank program implements the above example. It requires the following parameters to run: --pages &lt;path&gt; --links &lt;path&gt; --output &lt;path&gt; --numPages &lt;n&gt; --iterations &lt;n&gt; .

输入文件是纯文本文件,必须格式如下:

  • 页面表示为由新行字符分隔的(长)ID。
    • 例如, "1\n2\n12\n42\n63\n" 给出五个页面 ID 为 1,2,12,42 和 63 的页面。
  • 链接表示为由空格字符分隔的页面 ID 对。链接由换行符分隔:
    • 例如, "1 2\n2 12\n1 12\n42 63\n" 给出四个(定向)链接(1) - >(2),(2) - >(12),(1) - >(12)和(42) - >(63)。

对于这个简单的实现,要求每个页面至少有一个传入链接和一个传出链接(页面可以指向自身)。

连接组件

连通分量算法通过为同一连接部分中的所有顶点分配相同的组件 ID 来识别较大图形的部分。与 PageRank 类似,Connected Components 是一种迭代算法。在每个步骤中,每个顶点将其当前组件 ID 传播到其所有邻居。如果顶点小于其自己的组件 ID,则顶点接受来自邻居的组件 ID。

此实现使用 增量迭代 :未更改其组件 ID 的顶点不参与下一步。这会产生更好的性能,因为后面的迭代通常只处理一些异常值顶点。

// read vertex and edge data
DataSet<Long> vertices = getVertexDataSet(env);
DataSet<Tuple2<Long, Long>> edges = getEdgeDataSet(env).flatMap(new UndirectEdge());

// assign the initial component IDs (equal to the vertex ID)
DataSet<Tuple2<Long, Long>> verticesWithInitialId = vertices.map(new DuplicateValue<Long>());

// open a delta iteration
DeltaIteration<Tuple2<Long, Long>, Tuple2<Long, Long>> iteration =
    verticesWithInitialId.iterateDelta(verticesWithInitialId, maxIterations, 0);

// apply the step logic:
DataSet<Tuple2<Long, Long>> changes = iteration.getWorkset()
    // join with the edges
    .join(edges).where(0).equalTo(0).with(new NeighborWithComponentIDJoin())
    // select the minimum neighbor component ID
    .groupBy(0).aggregate(Aggregations.MIN, 1)
    // update if the component ID of the candidate is smaller
    .join(iteration.getSolutionSet()).where(0).equalTo(0)
    .flatMap(new ComponentIdFilter());

// close the delta iteration (delta and new workset are identical)
DataSet<Tuple2<Long, Long>> result = iteration.closeWith(changes, changes);

// emit result
result.writeAsCsv(outputPath, "\n", " ");

// User-defined functions

public static final class DuplicateValue<T> implements MapFunction<T, Tuple2<T, T>> {

  @Override
  public Tuple2<T, T> map(T vertex) {
    return new Tuple2<T, T>(vertex, vertex);
  }
}

public static final class UndirectEdge
          implements FlatMapFunction<Tuple2<Long, Long>, Tuple2<Long, Long>> {
  Tuple2<Long, Long> invertedEdge = new Tuple2<Long, Long>();

  @Override
  public void flatMap(Tuple2<Long, Long> edge, Collector<Tuple2<Long, Long>> out) {
    invertedEdge.f0 = edge.f1;
    invertedEdge.f1 = edge.f0;
    out.collect(edge);
    out.collect(invertedEdge);
  }
}

public static final class NeighborWithComponentIDJoin
        implements JoinFunction<Tuple2<Long, Long>, Tuple2<Long, Long>, Tuple2<Long, Long>> {

  @Override
  public Tuple2<Long, Long> join(Tuple2<Long, Long> vertexWithComponent, Tuple2<Long, Long> edge) {
    return new Tuple2<Long, Long>(edge.f1, vertexWithComponent.f1);
  }
}

public static final class ComponentIdFilter
          implements FlatMapFunction<Tuple2<Tuple2<Long, Long>, Tuple2<Long, Long>>,
                      Tuple2<Long, Long>> {

  @Override
  public void flatMap(Tuple2<Tuple2<Long, Long>, Tuple2<Long, Long>> value,
            Collector<Tuple2<Long, Long>> out) {
    if (value.f0.f1 < value.f1.f1) {
      out.collect(value.f0);
    }
  }
}

ConnectedComponents 程序 实现上述实施例。它需要运行以下参数: --vertices &lt;path&gt; --edges &lt;path&gt; --output &lt;path&gt; --iterations &lt;n&gt;

// set up execution environment val env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment

// read vertex and edge data
// assign the initial components (equal to the vertex id) val vertices = getVerticesDataSet(env).map { id => (id, id) }

// undirected edges by emitting for each input edge the input edges itself and an inverted
// version val edges = getEdgesDataSet(env).flatMap { edge => Seq(edge, (edge._2, edge._1)) }

// open a delta iteration val verticesWithComponents = vertices.iterateDelta(vertices, maxIterations, Array(0)) {
  (s, ws) =>

  // apply the step logic: join with the edges
  val allNeighbors = ws.join(edges).where(0).equalTo(0) { (vertex, edge) =>
    (edge._2, vertex._2)
  }

  // select the minimum neighbor
  val minNeighbors = allNeighbors.groupBy(0).min(1)

  // update if the component of the candidate is smaller
  val updatedComponents = minNeighbors.join(s).where(0).equalTo(0) {
    (newVertex, oldVertex, out: Collector[(Long, Long)]) =>
    if (newVertex._2 < oldVertex._2) out.collect(newVertex)
  }

  // delta and new workset are identical
  (updatedComponents, updatedComponents)
}

verticesWithComponents.writeAsCsv(outputPath, "\n", " ")

这个 PageRank 程序 实现了上面的例子。它需要运行以下参数: --pages &lt;path&gt; --links &lt;path&gt; --output &lt;path&gt; --numPages &lt;n&gt; --iterations &lt;n&gt;

输入文件是纯文本文件,必须格式如下:

  • 顶点表示为 ID 并用换行符分隔。
    • 例如, "1\n2\n12\n42\n63\n" 给出五个顶点(1),(2),(12),(42)和(63)。
  • 边缘表示为由空格字符分隔的顶点 ID 的对。边线由换行符分隔:
    • 例如, "1 2\n2 12\n1 12\n42 63\n" 给出四个(无向)链路(1) - (2),(2) - (12),(1) - (12)和(42) - (63)。

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